In an article publshed in 1975, Polish philosopher Leszek Kolakowski, who observed that the experience of Communism had shown that "the only universal medicine (Marxists) have for social evils-State ownerswhip of the means of production-is not only perfectly compatible with all the disasters of the capitalist world-with exploitation, imperialism, pollution, misery, economic waste, nationalhatred, and national oppression, but it adds to them a series of disasters of its own: inefficiency, lack of economic incentives and above all the unrestricted rule of the omnipresent bureaucracy, a concentration of power never before known in human history."